For the formation and use of certain tenses, such as Past Simple and Present Perfect, – as well as other grammatical constructions, including, for example, Passive Voice, it is necessary to know the Past Simple and Past Participle forms in English.

For technical reasons, we cannot post the table on this page. Link for Table of Irregular Verbs.

According to the general rule, most English verbs obtain the above-mentioned forms by adding the -ed ending to the bare infinitive (the infinitive form without the particle to):

• play – played – played
• count – counted – counted
• smile – smiled – smiled.

At the same time, in modern English, there are quite a lot of irregular verbs, whose Past Simple and Past Participle forms are not formed according to the general rule. Most of these irregular verbs existed in Old English and have retained their unique Past Simple and Past Participle forms to this day.

There is no algorithm for forming Past Simple and Past Participle, so they need to be memorized.

As a rule, English textbooks include an irregular verbs table listing these verbs according to the textbook level (A1-C2).  That is, depending on the level of language proficiency, students learn an increasing number of irregular verbs.

Of course, an irregular verb table in English can also be found on the internet.

In this article, we provide you with the most complete table of irregular verbs.

As you see, the list of irregular verbs in English is quite extensive. However, it is worth noting that many verbs in the table have a common root and different prefixes, which, of course, change their meaning. But if you know the Past Simple and Past Participle forms of the verb hold, for example, you automatically know the same forms for behold, uphold, and withhold.

Since there are no fixed rules for forming Past Simple and Past Participle of irregular verbs to make memorization easier, you can use associations and rhyming patterns (for example: drink – drank – drunk, sing – sang – sung) or group verbs by similarity (begin – began – begun, ring – rang – rung).

For more effective learning, we also recommend using flashcards, mobile applications, and mnemonic techniques.